The dissemination and implementation of the Industrial Symbiosis projects in the Rotterdam Harbour and Industry Complex can be characterised by break-through projects on the basis of long-term industrial ecology projects. The first 4-year Industrial Symbiosis programme started in 1994 and generated the basis for 15 projects that were further developed in a second 4-year programme that started in 1999 and merged into a 8-years Sustainable Enterprises programme in 2003. This development at the system level is created through the activities of individual organisation in a dynamic, loosely coupled network. The concept of sustainability capabilities is used to analyse the way in which these activities lead to the development of the system. Copyright

, , ,
doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2007.015630, hdl.handle.net/1765/67950
International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management
Department of Public Administration

Baas, L., & Boons, F. (2007). The introduction and dissemination of the industrial symbiosis projects in the Rotterdam Harbour and Industry Complex. International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management (Vol. 7, pp. 551–577). doi:10.1504/IJETM.2007.015630