Antibiotic prescribing and C-reactive protein testing for pulmonary infections in patients with intellectual disabilities

Background Excessive prescribing of antibiotics in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) is common in the general population. Due to communication difficulties, it is hypothesised that prescriptions are even more commonplace in the primary care of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Point-of-care C-reactive protein (POC-CRP) testing might lead to more efficient prescribing of antibiotics. Aim To evaluate the effect of POC-CRP testing on antibiotic prescriptions for LRTIs by physicians specialising in the care of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Design and setting A prospective case-control study in four care centres for individuals with intellectual disabilities in The Netherlands. Method Between 27 October 2010 and 27 October 2011, a prospective efficiency study was performed with a base population of 1472 individuals. This population consisted of 882 individuals in whom POC-CRP tests were used and a control group (n = 590) in whom no POC-CRP test was performed. Results Of the 48 patients in the control group who were diagnosed as having an LRTI, 43 (90%) received antibiotics, compared with 59 out of the 144 patients (41%) in the case group (OR = 12.0; 95% CI = 4.1-35.3). No significant differences in outcome were found between both groups during a follow-up period of 1 month. Conclusion This study shows that the use of POC-CRP testing in patients with intellectual disabilities and LRTIs can lead to a significant reduction in antibiotic prescriptions, with no significant differences in outcome during follow-up.

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