2010-10-15
Silencing of Sex Chromosomes: from meiosis to early embryonic development
Publication
Publication
Inactivatie van geslachtschromosomen: van meiose tot de vroeg embryonale ontwikkeling
__Abstract__ In order to fit the whole genome into the cell nucleus, the DNA has to be organized into a condensed structure. The basic structure is the double helix structure of the DNA. The formation of nucleosomes mediates the first level of condensation: 147 base pairs of the double helix of DNA is wrapped around an octamer of two of each of the his tones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 in 1.67 turns The complex of core histone proteins and the DNA that is folded around it, is the most simple form of chromatin. The nucleosomes are organized into 30 nm chromatin fibers, and the fibers themselves are then again condensed. Nucleosomes and fibres can undergo conformational and spatial changes, making the DNA either accessible or inaccessible for the transcription machinery by a regulatory mechanism that causes post-translational modifications to the N-and C-terminal amino acid tails of his tones, such as acetylation, methylation, sumoylation, ubiquitylation and phosphorylation. These modifications can be recognized by specific binding-proteins, included in chromatin, which can lead to a change in nucleosome configuration and thereby regulate the activity inactivity of a gene or gene region.
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| J.A. Grootegoed (Anton) , J.S.E. Laven (Joop) | |
| Printing of this thesis has been financially supported by the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology & Reproduction and Development, Erasmus 'Cniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam en de Nederlandse Vereniging van Obstetrie en Gynaecologie. Further financial support for this dissertation was kindly provided by: Bayer Schering Pharma Greiner Bio-One Medical Dynamics Freya- vereniging voor men sen met vruchtbaarheidsproblemen T eva Pharma NL Schering-Plough | |
| hdl.handle.net/1765/77060 | |
| Organisation | Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam |
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Schoenmakers, S. (2010, October 15). Silencing of Sex Chromosomes: from meiosis to early embryonic development. Printing of this thesis has been financially supported by the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology & Reproduction and Development, Erasmus 'Cniversity Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Erasmus University Rotterdam en de Nederlandse Vereniging van Obstetrie en Gynaecologie. Further financial support for this dissertation was kindly provided by: Bayer Schering Pharma Greiner Bio-One Medical Dynamics Freya- vereniging voor men sen met vruchtbaarheidsproblemen T eva Pharma NL Schering-Plough. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1765/77060 |
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