The government's roles in transnational forest govenrance

Abstract

Recent decades have witnessed the emergence of transnational business governance schemes that regulate business conduct by involving ‘a significant degree of non-state authority in the performance of regulatory functions across national borders’. In such schemes, the authority does not emanate from state or intergovernment institutions, but from ‘an array of private sector, civil society, multistakeholder and hybrid public-private institutions.’ A variety of transnational business governance schemes exist across sectors and industries, including organic food, coffee and tea production, tourism, forestry, fishery, aquaculture, palm oil production, and apparel production. Among these, the forest governance scheme has attracted intensive academic attention concerning its emergence and development, impact, constraints, and potential solutions.