In Situ Modulation of Macrophage Phenotype to Control Inflammation and Improve Tissue Regeneration

macrophages are present in many tissues and can polarize towards a pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. With their different phenotypes, they can inhibit or stimulate tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were to modulate the behavior of Macrophages present in the synovium using the compounds dexamethasone, rapamycin, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), and to investigate the modulatory capacity of the compounds on specific macrophage phenotypes.