STUDY QUESTION: What are the best red flags to indicate the possibility of fracture or malignancy in patients presenting with low back pain in primary, secondary, or tertiary care?SUMMARY ANSWER: Older age, prolonged corticosteroid use, severe trauma, and presence of a contusion or abrasion increase the likelihood of spinal fracture (likelihood was higher with multiple red flags); a history of malignancy increases the likelihood of spinal malignancy.

doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-f7095rep, hdl.handle.net/1765/81980
British Journal of Sports Medicine: an international peer-reviewed journal of sport and exercise medicine
Department of General Practice

Downie, A. S., Williams, C., Henschke, N., Hancock, M. J., Ostelo, R., de Vet, H. C., … Maher, C. (2014). Red flags to screen for malignancy and fracture in patients with low back pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine: an international peer-reviewed journal of sport and exercise medicine, 48(20). doi:10.1136/bjsports-2014-f7095rep