Postconditioning against ischaemia-reperfusion injury: Ready for wide application in patients?

Ischaemic postconditioning (IPOC) is an intervention in which brief, intermittent periods of reocclusion at the onset of reperfusion (i.e. stuttering reperfusion) protect myocardium from lethal reperfusion injury. The mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of IPOC is incompletely understood. However, it is perceived that IPOC begins with specific cellsurface receptors responsible for activating a number of signalling pathways, many of which appear to converge at the mitochondrial level. IPOC has been demonstrated both in animal models and in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in small proof-ofconcept trials. This intervention offers the possibility of further limiting infarct size in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Here, we provide a brief overview of the concept of IPOC and the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.