Training memory self-efficacy after stroke: A randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To study whether a memory self-efficacy (MSE) training program for patients after stroke has a positive effect on memory self-efficacy, depression and quality of life. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial (Dutch Trial Registry: 1656). METHOD: Patients between the ages of 18 and 80 who had experienced a stroke at least 18 months prior to the study and who had subjectively reported memory defects were randomized to an MSE training program or a control group. The program consisted of 9 lessons focused on training memory strategies and cognitive behavioural therapy focused on how to cope better with memory defects. The control group had contact with fellow participants in sessions of the same intensity and duration as the MSE training. The effects on memory self-efficacy, depression and quality of life were measured immediately after training and after 6 and 12 months. Demographic and clinical variables such as age and severity of the stroke were listed to assess potential predictors of MSE outcome in the experimental group. RESULTS: A total of 153 patients were included. Memory self-efficacy and psychological quality of life significantly improved after the MSE training in patients aged < 65 years compared with their peers in the control group. The other outcome measures showed no significant difference. Patients aged < 65 and patients with a better memory capacity showed greater benefit from the MSE training than patients who were older or had a worse memory capacity. CONCLUSION: Training memory self-efficacy is effective after a stroke and has positive effects on the psychological quality of life in younger patients. MSE training is a valuable cognitive behavioural addition to rehabilitation treatment for stroke patients with memory problems.