Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors to prevent relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a standard of care for patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to first-line therapy has improved overall outcomes; however,a significant proportion of patients still relapse after alloHSCT. Posttransplant TKI maintenance was demonstrated to reduce the risk of relapse in a large retrospective study and,therefore,should be considered a valuable option. This consensus paper,written on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation,presents an overview of clinical studies on the use of TKIs after alloHSCT and proposes practical recommendations regarding the choice of TKI,treatment timing,and dosage. It is hoped that these recommendations will become the state of art in this field and,more importantly,lead to a reduction of Ph-positive ALL relapse after alloHSCT. Cancer 2016;122:2941-51. VC 2016 American Cancer Society.

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