Oligoarticular and Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. Diagnosis is made in a child with arthritis lasting longer than 6 weeks and by excluding other causes. In current classification seven categories are recognized. Increasing knowledge in various aspects (genetics, imaging, pathophysiology) of the disease has improved care for JIA patients. Improvement in treatment options expanded with the introduction of biologicals, which are available since the beginning of the 21st century. The goal of reaching inactive disease has come closer but is still not always feasible for nonsystemic JIA patients. This chapter summarizes aspects of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and outcome measures of nonsystemic JIA.

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