Drivers of Emergence and Sources of Future Emerging and Reemerging Viral Infections

To better face the threat of emerging and reemerging viral infections, factors associated with their emergence in humans have been studied. These drivers of emergence represent key targets to better control and anticipate the rise of novel and reemerging pathogens in the human population. This chapter briefly reviews the prehistoric and historic unfolding of these drivers in association with the development of human societies. It presents a simplifying framework reducing the categories of drivers of emergence, based on the theory of island biogeography. This framework may help to identify the animal species that will become the source of a newly emerging infectious disease. Most drivers of disease emergence have led and continue to lead to changes in population dynamics of human and animal species sources of emerging infectious diseases.

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