Publications from 2024

Association between short-term structured risk assessment outcomes and seclusion Article

R. van de Sande (Roland), E.O. Noorthoorn, A.I. Wierdsma (André), E. Hellendoorn, C. van der Staak, C.L. Mulder (Niels) and H. Nijman (Henk)

Fatigue behavior of porous biomaterials manufactured using selective laser melting Article

S. Amin Yavari (Saber), R. Wauthle, J. van der Stok (Johan), A.C. Riemslag, M.A.P.M. Janssen (Michael), M. Mulier, J.P. Kruth, J. Schrooten, H.H. Weinans (Harrie) and A.A. Zadpoor (Amir Abbas)

Development of a strand-specific real-time qRT-PCR for the accurate detection and quantitation of West Nile virus RNA Article

S.M. Lim (Stephanie), P. Koraka (Penelope), A.D.M.E. Osterhaus (Albert) and B.E.E. Martina (Byron)

Recurrence of venous leg ulceration Review

S.W.I. Reeder (Suzan), C. Eggen (Céline), M.B. Maessen-Visch (Birgitte), K.P. de Roos and H.A.M. Neumann (Martino)

Adaptive Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Automated Daily Plan Reoptimization Prevents Dose Delivery Degradation Caused by Anatomy Deformations Article

S.M. Leinders (Suzanne), S. Breedveld (Sebastiaan), A.M. Romero (Alejandra), D.R. Schaart (Dennis), Y. Seppenwoolde (Yvette) and B.J.M. Heijmen (Ben)

Anxiety and depressive symptoms before and after total hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective multicentre study Article

T. Duivenvoorden (Tijs), M.M. Vissers (Maaike), J.A.N. Verhaar (Jan), J.J. van Busschbach (Jan), T. Gosens (Taco), R.M. Bloem (Rolf), S.M. Bierma-Zeinstra (Sita) and M. Reijman (Max)

Mutations in the Mevalonate Kinase (MVK) Gene Cause Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa Article

A.M. Siemiatkowska (Anna), L.I. van den Born (Ingeborgh), P.M. van Hagen (Martin), E.M. Stoffel (Elena), K. Neveling (Kornelia), A. Henkes (Arjen), M. Kipping-Geertsema (Mieke), E.H. Hoefsloot (Lies), C.B. Hoyng (Carel), A. Simon (Anna), et al. A.I. Hollander (Anneke), F.P.M. Cremers (Frans) and R.W.J. Collin (Rob)

Ship incident risk around the heritage areas of Tubbataha and Banc d'Arguin Article

C. Heij (Christiaan), S. Knapp (Sabine), R. Henderson (Ross) and E. Kleverlaan (Edward)

DNA damage leads to progressive replicative decline but extends the life span of long-lived mutant animals Article

H. Lans (Hannes), J.M. Lindvall, K. Thijssen, A.E. Karambelas, D. Cupac, O. Fensgård, G. Jansen (Gert), J.H.J. Hoeijmakers (Jan), H. Nilsen and W. Vermeulen (Wim)

Nutrition and neurodevelopment in children Focus on NUTRIMENTHE project Review

T. Anjos (Tania), S. Altmäe (Signe), P. Emmett (Pauline), H.W. Tiemeier (Henning), R. Closa-Monasterolo (Ricardo), V. Luque (Verónica), S. Wiseman (Sheila), M. Pérez-García (Miguel), E. Lattka (Eva), H. Demmelmair (Hans), et al. B. Egan (Bernadette), N. Straub (Niels), H. Szajewska (Hania), J. Evans (Jonathan Mark), C. Horton (Claire), T. Paus (Tomas), E. Isaacs (Elizabeth), J.W. van Klinken (Jan Willem), B. Koletzko (Berthold) and C. Campoy (Cristina)

Generic operational models in health service operations management: A systematic review Article

M. Mahdavi (Mahdi), T. Malmström (Tomi), J.J. van de Klundert (Joris), S. Elkhuizen (Sylvia) and J. Vissers (Jan)

Fertility and sexual function in female Hodgkin lymphoma survivors of reproductive age Article

C.M. Eeltink (Corien), L. Incrocci (Luca), B.I. Witte (Birgit), S. Meurs (Saskia), O.J. Visser (Otto), P.C. Huijgens (Peter) and I.M. Verdonck-De Leeuw (Irma)

In search of a preferred preference elicitation method: A test of the internal consistency of choice and matching tasks Article

A.E. Attema (Arthur) and W.B.F. Brouwer (Werner)

On colonoscopy in acute colonic pseudo obstruction Article

U.S. Wiersema (Ubbo), M.J. Bruno (Marco) and E.T.T.L. Tjwa (Eric)

Possible correlations between the deficient affective experience and negative symptoms of psychosis: An exploratory study in (forensic) psychiatric patients Article

K.R. Goethals (Kris), M. van Giels (Maarten), E. Ekiz (Erol) and H.J.C. van Marle (Hjalmar)

β-blocker use and all-cause mortality of melanoma patients: results from a population-based Dutch cohort study Article

E. Livingstone, L.M. Hollestein (Loes), M.P.P. van Herk-Sukel (Myrthe), L.V. van de Poll-Franse (Lonneke), T.E.C. Nijsten (Tamar), D. Schadendorf (Dirk) and E. de Vries (Esther)

Application of the 2010 revised criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis to patients with clinically isolated syndromes Article

T.F. Runia (Tessel), N. Jafari (Naghmeh) and R.Q. Hintzen (Rogier)

Time to tweak the TTO: results from a comparison of alternative specifications of the TTO Article

M.M. Versteegh (Matthijs), A.E. Attema (Arthur), M. Oppe (Mark), N. Devlin (Nancy) and E.A. Stolk (Elly)

Is small beautiful? Size effects of volatility spillovers for firm performance and exchange rates in tourism Article

C-L. Chang (Chia-Lin), H-K. Hsu (Hui-Kuang) and M.J. McAleer (Michael)

Time trade-off: one methodology, different methods Article

A.E. Attema (Arthur), Y. Edelaar-Peeters (Yvette), M.M. Versteegh (Matthijs) and E.A. Stolk (Elly)

Usurping Public Leisure Space for Protest. Social Activism in the digital and material commons Article

P.A. Arora (Payal)

Optimal forecasts in the presence of structural breaks Article

M.H. Pesaran (Hashem), A. Pick (Andreas) and M. Pranovich (Mikhail)

Extracolonic cancer risk in patients with serrated polyposis syndrome and their first-degree relatives Article

Y. Hazewinkel (Yark), J.B. Reitsma (Johannes), F.M. Nagengast (Fokko), H. Vasen (Hans), T.A.M. van Os (Theo), M.E. van Leerdam (Monique), J.J. Koornstra (Jan) and E. Dekker (Evelien)

Recent developments in financial economics and econometrics: An overview Article

C-L. Chang (Chia-Lin), D.E. Allen (David) and M.J. McAleer (Michael)

Treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris A systematic review Review

E. Rácz (Emoke), C.G. Gho (Coen), P.W. Moorman (Peter), V. Noordhoek Hegt (Vincent) and H.A.M. Neumann (Martino)

Forecasting volatility with the realized range in the presence of noise and non-trading Article

K. Bannouh (Karim), M.P.E. Martens (Martin) and D.J.C. van Dijk (Dick)

Has the Basel Accord improved risk management during the global financial crisis? Article

M.J. McAleer (Michael), J.A. Jiménez-Martín (Juan-Ángel) and T. Pérez-Amaral (Teodosio)

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy followed by a brachytherapy boost for oropharyngeal cancer Article

A. Al-Mamgani (Abrahim), P.C. Levendag (Peter), P.H. van Rooij (Peter), C.A. Meeuwis (Cees), A. Sewnaik (Aniel) and D.N. Teguh (David)

Increasing glucose load while maintaining normoglycemia does not evoke neuronal damage in prolonged critically ill rabbits Article

R. Sonneville (Romain), H.M. den Hertog (Heleen), S. Derde (Sarah), F. Güiza (Fabian), I. Derese (Inge), G. van den Berghe (Greet) and I. Vanhorebeek (Ilse)

Would you rather be ill now, or later? Article

A.E. Attema (Arthur) and M.M. Versteegh (Matthijs)

The Longitudinal Relationship Between Satisfaction with Transitional Care and Social and Emotional Quality of Life Among Chronically Ill Adolescents Article

J.M. Cramm (Jane), M.M.H. Strating (Mathilde), H.M. Sonneveld (Henk) and A.P. Nieboer (Anna)

Craniofacial morphology in unilateral hemifacial microsomia Article

E.M. Ongkosuwito (Edwin), J.W. van Neck (Han), E. Wattel, L.N.A. van Adrichem (Léon) and A.M. Kuijpers-Jagtman (Anne-Marie)

Explaining length of stay variation of episodes of care in the Netherlands Article

S.S. Tan (Siok Swan), L. Hakkaart-van Roijen (Leona), B.M. van Ineveld and W.K. Redekop (Ken)

Evaluating impact of truck announcements on container stacking efficiency Article

E. van Asperen (Eelco), B. Borgman (Bram) and R. Dekker (Rommert)

The ubiquitous internet: Into eternity? Book Chapter

R. van Wessel (Robert) and H.J. de Vries (Henk)

5-year serial follow-up of clinical condition and ventricular function in patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot Article

S.E. Luijnenburg (Saskia), W.A. Helbing (Willem), A. Moelker (Adriaan), L.J.M. Kroft (Lucia), M. Groenink (Maarten), J.W. Roos-Hesselink (Jolien), Y.B. de Rijke (Yolanda), M.G. Hazekamp (Mark), A.J.J.C. Bogers (Ad), H.W. Vliegen (Hubert), et al. B.J.M. Mulder (Barbara)

Filling the gap between individual and collective aspects of the policy process: multilevel analysis of policy learning Research Paper

S. Moyson (Stéphane)

Stop researching transformational leadership! Now! Research Paper

L.G. Tummers (Lars)

How portable is social security for migrant workers? A review of the literature Research Paper

N. Taha (Nurulsyahirah), M. Messkoub (Mahmood) and K.A. Siegmann (Karin Astrid)

Climate change and migration A review of the literature Research Paper

O.A. Gómez (Oscar)

Border Studies Theoretical approaches, themes of inquiry, and suggestions for future work Research Paper

S. Donzelli (Stefania)

South-South Migration A review of the literature Research Paper

B. Campillo Carrete (Beatriz)

In praise of ethnography: Towards a rich understanding of crime and deviance Article

T. Müller (Thaddeus)

Prevention of back pain from lifting: A multidisciplinary guideline Article

P.P.F.M. Kuijer (P. Paul), J.H.A.M. Verbeek (Jos), L.A.M. Elders (Leo), N. van Roden (Nico), M. van den Wittenboer (Marion), B. Visser (Bart), M. Lebbink (Marian), A. Burdorf (Alex) and C.T.J. Hulshof (C. T J)

Associations between parent-adolescent attachment relationship quality, negative life events and mental health Article

R. Bannink (Rienke), S.M.L. Broeren (Suzanne), P.M. van de Looij-Jansen (Petra) and H. Raat (Hein)

Tempo effects may distort the interpretation of trends in life expectancy Article

F. Peters (Frederick), W.J. Nusselder (Wilma) and J.P. Mackenbach (Johan)

Maturation of cytochrome P450 3A mediated drug metabolism: Towards individualized dosing in children Dissertation

I. Ince (Ibrahim)

Venture Capital: relations with the economy and intellectual property Dissertation

A.G.B. de Vries (Geertjan)

Distributed Problem Based Learning in a Low Resources Setting: The design and evaluation of a problem-based, web-based curriculum for training family doctors in Brazil Dissertation

J.B.C. Tomaz (Cisne)

Competition as an evolutionary process: Mark blaug and evolutionary economics Book Chapter

J.J. Vromen (Jack)

An unrepentant Lakatosian Book Chapter

M. Boumans (Marcel)

New Public Management and the new features of strategic behaviour Book Chapter

E.F. ten Heuvelhof (Ernst) and M. Leijten (Martijn)

Introduction Book Chapter

M. Boumans (Marcel) and M. Klaes (Matthias)

Mark Blaug: Rebel with many causes Book

Interspinous process device versus standard conventional surgical decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: Randomized controlled trial Article

W.A. Moojen (Wouter), M.P. Arts (Mark), W.C.H. Jacobs (Wilco), E.W. van Zwet (Erik), M.E. van den Akker-van Marle (Elske), B.W. Koes (Bart), C.L.A.M. Vleggeert-Lankamp (Carmen) and W.C. Peul (Wilco)

Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen analysis in hepatitis B e antigen-positive nucleoside-naive patients treated with entecavir Article

R.G. Gish, T. Chang, C.L. Lai (Chen), R.A. de Man (Robert), A. Gadano, C. Llamoso (Cyril) and H. Tang (Hui)

Towards Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis Dissertation

G.M. van Buul (Gerben)

Bedrijfsopvolging bij Natuurlijke Personen: Een onderzoek naar fiscale bedrijfsopvolgingsfaciliteiten Dissertation

Y.M. Tigelaar-Klootwijk

ICT, public administration and democracy in the coming decade Review

A.J. Meijer (Albert), F. Bannister (Frank) and M. Thaens (Marcel)

Why does e-government look as it does? looking beyond the explanatory emptiness of the e-government concept Article

V.J.J.M. Bekkers (Victor)

Long term cognitive functioning after glioma surgery in eloquent areas Conference Paper

, E.G. Visch-Brink (Evy), M. Smits (Marion), A. Kloet (Alfred), C.M.F. Dirven (Clemens) and A. Vincent (Audrey)

Polymorphisms of the OXTR gene explain why sales professionals love to help customers Article

W.J.M.I. Verbeke (Willem), R.P. Bagozzi (Richard), W.E. van den Berg (Wouter) and A. Lemmens (Aurélie)

Phenotypes of craniofrontonasal syndrome in patients with a pathogenic mutation in EFNB1 Article

M.E.P. van den Elzen (Marijke), S.R.F. Twigg (Stephen), J.A.C. Goos (Jacqueline), A.J.M. Hoogeboom (Jeannette), A.M.W. van den Ouweland (Ans), A.O.M. Wilkie (Andrew) and I.M.J. Mathijssen (Irene)

A randomized controlled trial comparing intravesical to extravesical ureteroneocystostomy in living donor kidney transplantation recipients Article

I.K.B. Slagt (Inez), F.J.M.F. Dor (Frank), T.C.K. Tran (Khe), H.J.A.N. Kimenai (Hendrikus), W. Weimar (Willem), J.N.M. IJzermans (Jan) and T. Terkivatan (Türkan)

Bipolar Role for Myelo-Monocytic Cells in Autoimmune Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders Dissertation

W. Beumer (Wouter)

Individuele en collectieve verantwoordelijkheid bij activerend beleid Presentation

R.J. van der Veen (Romke)

Sexualized Minds: Child Sex Offenders Offense-supportive Cognitions and Interpretations Dissertation

I.S. Hempel (Inge)

Wnt Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer Dissertation

Y. Atlasi (Yaser)

Letter by houthuizen et al regarding article, "clinical impact of persistent left bundle-branch block after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with corevalve revalving system" Article

P. Houthuizen (Patrick), P.P.T. de Jaegere (Peter) and F.W. Prinzen (Frits)

Indexing executive compensation contracts Article

I. Dittmann (Ingolf), E.G. Maug (Ernst) and O.G. Spalt (Oliver)

Cerebral microbleeds are related to loss of white matter structural integrity Article

S. Akoudad (Saloua), M. de Groot (Mirthe), P.J. Koudstaal (Peter), A. van der Lugt (Aad), W.J. Niessen (Wiro), A. Hofman (Albert), M.K. Ikram (Kamran) and M.W. Vernooij (Meike)

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex I (mTORC1) activity in Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts Article

M.J. Groenewoud (Marlous), S.M.I. Goorden (Susan), J. Kassies (Jorien), W. Pellis-van Berkel (Wendy), R.F. Lamb (Richard), Y. Elgersma (Ype) and F.J.T. Zwartkruis (Fried)

Evaluation of a FRET-peptide substrate to predict virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Article

W.E. Kaman (Wendy), N. El Arkoubi-El Arkoubi (Nora), S. Roffel (Sanne), H.P. Endtz (Hubert), A.F. van Belkum (Alex), F.J. Bikker (Floris) and J.P. Hays (John)

Offer and Acceptance and the Dynamics of Negotiations: Arguments for Contract Theory from Negotiation Studies Article

E. Pannebakker (Ekaterina)

Cortisol exposure and sensitivity in health and disease Dissertation

L. Manenschijn (Laura)

Imaging biomarkers for carotid artery atherosclerosis Dissertation

R. Hameeteman (Reinhard)

Transluminal endoscopic step-up approach versus minimally invasive surgical step-up approach in patients with infected necrotising pancreatitis (TENSION trial) Design and rationale of a randomised controlled multicenter trial [ISRCTN09186711] Article

S. van Brunschot (Sandra), J. van Grinsven (Janneke), R.P. Voermans (Rogier), O.J. Bakker (Olaf ), M.G. Besselink (Marc), M.A. Boermeester (Marja), T.L. Bollen (Thomas), K. Bosscha (Koop), S.A.W. Bouwense (Stefan), M.J. Bruno (Marco), et al. V.C. Cappendijk, E.C. Consten (Esther), C.H. Dejong (Cees), M.G.W. Dijkgraaf (Marcel), C.H.J. van Eijck (Casper), D.W. Erkelens (Dirk Willem), H. van Goor (Harry), M. Hadithi (Muhammed), J.-W. Haveman (Jan-Willem), S.H. Hofker (Sijbrand), J.J.M. Jansen (Jeroen), J.S. Laméris (Johan ), K.P. van Lienden (Krijn), E.R. Manusama (Eric), M.A.C. Meijssen (Maarten), C.J.J. Mulder (Chris), V.B. Nieuwenhuis (Vincent), J.-W. Poley (Jan-Werner), R. de Ridder (Rogier), C. Rosman (Camiel), A.F.M. Schaapherder (Alexander), J.J. Scheepers (Joris), E.J. Schoon (Erik), T.C.J. Seerden (Tom), B.W.M. Spanier (Marcel), J.W.A. Straathof, R. Timmer (Robin), N.G. Venneman (Niels), F.P. Vleggaar (Frank), B.J.M. Witteman (Ben), H.G. Gooszen (Hein), H.C. van Santvoort (Hjalmar) and P. Fockens (Paul)

E-survey on venous leg ulcer among Dutch dermatologists Article

S.W.I. Reeder (Suzan), K.P. de Roos, R.J.M. Vogels (R. J M) and H.A.M. Neumann (Martino)

Happily ever after?: Explaining turnover and retirement intentions of older workers in The Netherlands Article

M. Fleischmann (Maria), J.F. Ybema (Jan Fekke) and F. Koster (Ferry)

Challenges in diagnostic accuracy studies in primary care: The fecal calprotectin example Article

G.A. Holtman (Gea A), Y. van Leeuwen (Yvonne), B.J. Kollen (Boudewijn ), J.C. Escher (Johanna), A. Kindermann, P.F.V. Rheenen (Patrick F Van) and M.Y. Berger (Marjolein)

Transition of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to endothelial cells Review

M. Crisan (Mihaela)

Subgroup analyses in trial reports comparing percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary artery bypass surgery Article

S.J. Head (Stuart), S. Kaul (Sanjay), J.G.P. Tijssen (Jan), P.W.J.C. Serruys (Patrick) and A.P. Kappetein (Arie Pieter)

Reisbereidheid cultuur in beeld Lecture

C.B.G. Langeveld (Cees)

An Eclectic Approach to Loyalty-Promoting Instruments in Corporate Law: Revisiting Hirschman's Model of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Article

A.A. Bootsma (Bart)

Mening: De juridische betekenis van KEA's in de zorg Article

A.P. den Exter (André)

Risicoselectie bij overstap zorgverzekeraar Article

W.P.M.M. van de Ven (Wynand), R.C. van Kleef (Richard) and R.C.J.A. van Vliet (René)

Innovation and Best Practices in Endoscopy Dissertation

C.W. Teshima (Christopher)

Novel Developments in ERCP and EUS Dissertation

J.-W. Poley (Jan-Werner)

Detecting and explaining business exceptions for risk assessment Conference Paper

L. Liu (Lingzhe), H.A.M. Daniels (Hennie) and W. Hofman (Wout)

Consumer Informedness and Firm Information Strategy Research Paper

T. Li (Ting), R.J. Kauffman (Robert), H.W.G.M. van Heck (Eric), P.H.M. Vervest (Peter) and B.G.C. Dellaert (Benedict)

Convergence of decreasing male and increasing female incidence rates in major tobacco-related cancers in Europe in 1988-2010 Article

J.G.A. Lortet-Tieulent (Joannie), E. Renteria (Elisenda), L. Sharp (Linda), E. Weiderpass (Elisabete), H. Comber, P. Baas (Paul), F. Bray (Freddie), J.W.W. Coebergh (Jan Willem) and I. Soerjomataram (Isabelle)

Semi-automatic quantification of subsolid pulmonary nodules: Comparison with manual measurements Article

E.T. Scholten (Ernst), B. de Hoop (Bartjan), C. Jacobs (Colin), S. Van Amelsvoort-Van De Vorst (Saskia), R.J. van Klaveren (Rob), M. Oudkerk (Matthijs), R. Vliegenthart (Rozemarijn), H.J. de Koning (Harry), C.M. van der Aalst (Carlijn), W.P. Mali (Willem), et al. H.A. Gietema (Hester), M. Prokop (Mathias), B.T.J. van Ginneken (Berbke) and P.A. de Jong (Pim)

Phenotypical variation within 22 families with Pompe disease Article

S.C.A. Wens (Stephan), C.M. Van Gelder (Carin), M.E. Kruijshaar (Michelle), J.M. de Vries (Juna), N.A.M.E. van der Beek (Nadine), A.J.J. Reuser (Arnold), P.A. van Doorn (Pieter), A.T. van der Ploeg (Ans) and E. Brusse (Esther)

Resequencing three candidate genes for major depressive disorder in a Dutch cohort Article

E.C. Verbeek (Eva), M.R. Bevova (Marianna), Z. Bochdanovits (Zoltan), P. Rizzu (Patrizia), I.M.C. Bakker (Ingrid), T. Uithuisje (Tiny), E.J.C. de Geus (Eco), A.V. Smith (Davey), B.W.J.H. Penninx (Brenda), D.I. Boomsma (Dorret), et al. W.J.G. Hoogendijk (Witte) and P. Heutink (Peter)

"The impact of policy on hospital productivity: a time series analysis of Dutch hospitals". Article

J.L.T. Blank (Jos) and Eggink, E.

Torsadogenic risk of antipsychotics: Combining adverse event reports with drug utilization data across Europe Article

E. Raschi (Emanuel), E. Poluzzi (Elisabetta), B. Godman (Brian), A. Koci (Ariola), U. Moretti (Ugo), M. Kalaba (Marija), M. Bennie (Marion), C. Barbui (Corrado), B. Wettermark (Bjorn), M.C.J.M. Sturkenboom (Miriam), et al. F. de Ponti (Fabrizio)

The importance of general self-efficacy for the quality of life of adolescents with diabetes or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis over time: a longitudinal study among adolescents and parents Article

J.M. Cramm (Jane), M.M.H. Strating (Mathilde) and A.P. Nieboer (Anna)

Finding Genes for Parkinsonism Dissertation

M. Quadri (Marialuisa)

Evolution of reperfusion post-infarction ventricular remodeling: New MRI insights Article

T. Springeling (Tirza), D.B. Uitterdijk (André), A. Rossi (Alexia), C. Gorsse-Bakker (Charlotte), P.A. Wielopolski (Piotr), W.J. van der Giessen (Wim), G.P. Krestin (Gabriel), P.J. de Feyter (Pim), D.J.G.M. Duncker (Dirk) and R.J.M. van Geuns (Robert Jan)

Plastid-bearing sea slugs fix CO2 in the light but do not require photosynthesis to survive Article

G. Christa (Gregor), V. Zimorski (Verena), C. Woehle (Christian), A.G.M. Tielens (Lodewijk), H. Wägele (Heike), W. Martin (William) and D.B. Gould (Douglas )